Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Russian Federation: Systematic repression on eve of elections

Amnesty International is gravely concerned about the Russian authorities' systematic disregard for basic human rights in the run-up to parliamentary elections in the country, scheduled for 2 December 2007.

Over the last few months, the organization has seen numerous attempts by the authorities of the Russian Federation to interfere with the right to freedom of assembly, to freedom of association and freedom of expression including of supporters of the political opposition as well as of human rights activist and journalists.

Garry Kasparov, an opposition leader, was arrested on 24 November and sentenced to five days' administrative detention for allegedly leading an unsanctioned demonstration and resisting police arrest. Several witnesses told Amnesty International that they had overheard conversations among the police indicating that it had been planned in advance of the march to detain Garry Kasparov. Amnesty International considers him to be a prisoner of conscience and calls for his immediate release.

"From the unprovoked arrest and imprisonment of opposition leader Garry Kasparov, to the beating of journalists and human rights defenders and the excessive use of force against peaceful demonstrators, the Russian authorities have created a climate in which it is difficult, if not outright impossible, to express dissenting views and to report these," said Nicola Duckworth, Europe and Central Asia Programme Director at Amnesty International.

On 24 and 25 November, police detained scores of people before, during and after "marches of dissent" in several Russian cities, beating and kicking them in the process. In St. Petersburg, Russian human rights defender Ella Poliakova, head of the Soldiers’ Mothers Committee of St. Petersburg, was detained together with several other people on 25 November for 12 hours after she had attended a press conference of opposition party Yabloko.

Amnesty International is concerned about a number of violations of the right to a fair trial of those detained during the marches. Court hearings failed to adhere to international standards of fair trial with judges refusing to listen to evidence provided by the accused and with some of those accused, including Garry Kasparov, prevented from seeing their lawyers before and after the court hearings. Many people were detained for more than three hours, which is the maximum period under such circumstances. One person was also reportedly beaten by the police who then denied him necessary medical aid when he appeared before a Moscow court.

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Білорусь:Нова інформація у справі Зміцера Дашкевича

Amnesty International отримала нову інформацію у справі в'язня сумління та молодіжного активіста з Білорусі Зміцера Дашкевича.

В листопаді минулого року (2006) Дашкевича біло засуджено до 18 місяців позбавлення волі за статтею 193, частина 1 Кримінального Кодексу Білоусі за «організацію та участь у діяльності незареєстрованої неурядової організації». Зараз він відбуває покарання згідно вироку суду. Amnesty International оголошувала негайну акцію на підтримку Зміцера Дашкевича.

Нове судове слухання у справі З. Дашкевича відбулося 9 листопада 2007 року, цього разу його було звинувачено згідно статті 402 Кримінального Кодексу Білорусі: відмова у наданні інформації як свідка. Зміцера Дашкевича відмовився давати свідчення у справі Івана Шило (обвинуваченого у діяльності від імені незареєстрованої організації «Молодий Фронт»). За цією статтею суд міг засудити З. Дашкевича до трьох років позбавлення волі на додачу до вже існуючого строку. Засідання суду відбулося у в'язниці, де Дашкевич відбуває своє перше покарання. Засідання було закритим, не допустили на слухання навіть родичів.

Суд визнав Зміцера Дашкевича винним у порушенні ст. 402, однак не призначив йому покарання у вигляді позбавлення свободи, лише зобов'язав сплатити штраф. Місцеві НУО повідомили Amnesty International, що вони вірять у позитивний вплив міжнародного зацікавлення новинами у цій справі на владу Білорусі. Представник білоруських НУО висловив подяку членам АІ за ту підтримку, яку вони надають білоруським в'язням сумління, а також за безупинний тиск, що чиниться на білоруську владу; він запевнив, що саме ці чинники допомогли Зміцеру Дашкевичу не отримати ще один термін ув'язнення.

Коротка довідка:

Amnesty International оголосила Зміцера Дашкевича в'язнем сумління та проводила термінову акцію на його захист.

Детальніше

Breakthrough UN resolution on global moratorium on executions

"This historic resolution is a major step torwards worldwide abolition of the death penalty," said Irene Khan, Secretary-General of Amnesty International.

A call was made for a global moratorium on executions by the UN General Assembly's Third Committee. The General Assembly is expected to endorse the decision in a plenary session in December.

The breakthrough comes in clear recognition of the growing international trend towards worldwide abolition. The initiative is an important contribution to the creation of a death penalty free world – a vision envisaged by General Assembly three decades ago.

The resolution carries considerable moral and political weight, although it is not legally binding on states. The resolution carries considerable moral and political weight, although it is not legally binding on states.

UN resolution
Co-sponsored by 87 states.

Adopted by:
99 in favour
52 against
33 abstentions

UNGA vote on 15 November 2007

Establishing a moratorium on executions is an important tool for convincing states still using the death penalty to engage in a nation-wide debate and to review their laws on capital punishment. If death penalty laws are under review, states must deem that it is only fair to stop executing people during the process.

Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception. The death penalty is the ultimate denial of human rights - the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state in the name of justice. It violates the right to life as proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.

One-hundred-and-thirty-three countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Only 25 countries actually carried out executions in 2006. In 2006, 91% of all known executions took place in China, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Sudan and the USA. Amnesty International's statistics also show an overall decline in the number of executions in 2006 - a recorded 1,591 executions, compared to 2,148 in 2005.

Amnesty International calls on all countries to establish a moratorium on executions as soon as the General Assembly in plenary has endorsed the resolution later this year.

Source: Amnesty International